Country tax and retirement coverage

What is modeled, country by country.

Country	Income tax and treatyResidence income tax on your US pensions, withdrawals and gains, and how the US tax treaty splits the bill.	Social charges and wealthExtra layers on top of income tax: social charges, solidarity surtaxes, and annual net-worth (wealth) taxes.	Succession and estateInheritance tax the country levies on your estate or your heirs when you pass it on.	Health (annual)What public-scheme contributions and private insurance actually cost a US retiree each year.
France	Bespoke US-France treaty: exemption-with-progression (taux effectif), per-basket FTC	CSG/CRDS social charges, PFU, IFI wealth tax, CEHR surtax	Droits de succession: kinship, PACS, reserve, EU 650/2012, treaty note	Income-tested CSM (PUMa) plus mutuelle premium
Spain	Spanish income tax (IRPF); the engine charges the higher of the US and Spanish bill	Patrimonio wealth tax plus the national ISGF, modeled	Inheritance tax (ISD): state scale 7.65-34%, spouse not exempt (modeled)	Convenio Especial public buy-in by age band (RD 576/2013), modeled
Italy	7% pensioner regime plus its 10-year sunset to ordinary IRPEF (modeled as a horizon risk)	IVIE 1.06% + IVAFE 0.2% on foreign assets, computed for years outside the 7% regime (the regime waives both while it lasts)	Imposta di successione: 4% over EUR 1M (direct line), 8% for an unmarried partner (modeled)	SSN voluntary contribution (7.5%/4% tiers), modeled
Portugal	Residence IRS; the engine charges the higher of the Portuguese and US bills, never both	AIMI property surtax on Portuguese real estate above €600k (0.7%/1%/1.5%), computed automatically on a home bought at the Portugal destination	Inheritance tax abolished in 2004; the remaining 10% stamp duty (exempts close family) is computed per heir - shows 0 for a taxable partner pending a situs input (see the estate report)	Age-banded private top-up premium on top of the near-zero-cost SNS
Ireland	Charges the higher of your US and Irish bill; US Social Security is taxed only by Ireland and is exempt from US tax (treaty Article 18(1)(b))	No wealth tax; Irish income levies (USC and PRSI) do not reach US Social Security	Capital Acquisitions Tax: flat 33%; spouse and civil partner exempt, a cohabiting partner is not (modeled)	Community-rated private premium plus OOP - Stamp 0 has no public-entitlement branch to test at any age
Greece	Flat 7% pensioner regime; the engine charges the higher of your US and Greek tax	ENFIA annual property tax on Greek real estate, computed as an approximate value-based schedule (~0.2-0.75%) on a home bought at the Greek destination	Inheritance tax: Category A/B/C scales 1-40%, EUR 150k/30k/6k exemptions (modeled)	Age-banded private insurance premiums (the FIP permit path) plus out-of-pocket costs
Mexico	Income tax (ISR) scale plus the separate 10% surtax on US-source dividends (modeled)	No wealth tax (the dividend surtax is tracked under income)	No inheritance tax; gifts and bequests between close family are exempt	Models age-based health premiums plus private cash-pay
Costa Rica	Territorial system, no US tax treaty: US-source income is not taxed	No wealth tax reaching a retiree portfolio	Inheritance tax repealed	Caja (CCSS) contribution on the visa-declared minimum, modeled
Panama	Territorial system, no US tax treaty: US-source income is not taxed	No wealth tax	No inheritance tax	CSS voluntary EyM+IVM contribution for those who join before pension age (a mandatory bundle once enrolled), plus private senior health plans, with public hospitals as the floor
Thailand	Thai progressive scale on assessable income, modeled - with the LTR-visa foreign-source exemption as a toggle	No wealth tax	Per-heir inheritance tax computed: spouse exempt, and 0 above the THB 100M/heir allowance for every other class pending a situs input (see the estate report)	Age-banded private premium with the insurability cliff, modeled